Basic symmetry & internal order

symmetry, symmetry element, symmetry operations
translation, rotation, reflection, inversion, rotoinversion, screw rotation, glide reflection, rotoinversion
mesh, lattice, lattice points/nodes, unit mesh, unit cell
the 14 space/Bravais lattice, P, I, F, C, R, F
230 space groups
glide plane
m, a, b, c, n, d (the symbols for mirrors and glide planes)
32 point groups
enantiomorphic
symmetry group, plane group, space group/point group
Hermann-Mauguin notation
crystal class, crystal system, crystallographic axes
triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal, (rhombohedral), isometric

 
Explain and identify the basic symmetry operations in an object or crystal.

List the translation-free symmetry operations, the simple symmetry operations, and the compound symmetry operations.

Explain the nature of and symbolism for the 32 possible symmetry elements and combinations of symmetry elements.

Explain how the 32 crystal classes are divided up into the six (or seven) crystal systems.

Sketch and label the crystallographic axes and the angles between them, for the six crystal systems.

Be able to express the axial ratios of a unit cell in standard form and have a good idea of typical unit cell sizes.

Be able to calculate the Miller index for a crystal face, given the intersections of the face with the crystallographic axes.

What is the relationship between a plane group and a space group, and how many are there of each?

Explain in detail how space groups relate to point groups and Bravais lattices.

Define and explain Steno’s law of the constancy of interfacial angles.

Using appropriate tables in the text, be able to decipher the symbol for a space group.

What is the goal of a structural crystallographer, and what information does he/she have to work with?

Give a few examples of isostructural minerals.

Give a few examples of polymorphic minerals.

Explain the differences between 1M, 2O, 2M1, and 3T polytypes.

How do metamict minerals become metamict? What factors affect how quickly they become metamict?
What are some examples of minerals that tend to become metamict?

What are the various ways in which pseudomorphs form?

Be able to explain, given a HM symbol, the symmetry content.

Given a space group symbol, be able to explain what the lattice type is, and what type of symmetry or translation is present. E.g., be able to explain the content of P42/n2/b2/c.

In space group terminology, know the difference between 6, 6-bar, and 6n.

Given a crystal class (e.g. 6/m2/m2/m) or a point group, using your text, give the crystal system.