Glossary of Mountain and Plate Tectonics Terminology
 

 
Cirque  A bowl shaped bedrock depression holding and collecting ground water and snow melt.

Core  Spherical center of the earth.

Crust  The lighter, rocky surface of the earth.  About four miles thick under the ocean and forty miles thick under the mountains.

Faceted Spur  (arete)  sharp crest formed between two cirques by alpine glaciation.

Front Range  The row of mountains running north and south along the east side of the Rockies

Glacier  A large natural accumulation of land ice that flows downhill under the force of gravity.

Hanging Valley  A stream valley that has been truncated by glacial erosion so as to appear in cross section in the upper wall of a glacial trough.

Igneous rock  Rock consolidated from a high temperature or molten state.

Inner Core  Solid ball of iron and nickel in the center of the earth.  Pressure keeps it a solid.

Mantle  Rock layer about 1800 miles thick between the crust and outer core.

Mass-wasting  Spontaneous downward movement of soil, regolith and bedrock by gravity; does not include water as an agent.

Mass-wasting  Collective term used to explain why gravity is important in mountain erosion.

Metamorphic Rock  Rock altered in physical structure or mineral composition by heat or pressure far below the earth's surface.

Molten  Made liquid by heat, melted, glowing.

Orogeny  Something that you will learn about in the Eighth grade.
Also, major episode of severe tectonic deformation often resulting in mountain building.

Outer Core  Molten rock about 1400 miles thick between the mantle and inner core.
 
Reach  An arbitrary designation of a section of a creek or river.

Subduction  Descent of a plate so as to pass beneath and under the edge of the adjoining plate along the active margin.

Tarn  A small lake occupying a rock basin in a cirque or glacial trough.

Tectonics  Branch of geology relating tectonic activity and the features it produces.

Tectonic Plates  Large plates floating on the Earth's mantle.

Subduction  Occurs when one tectonic plate is forced under another.
 

 

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